Quest For Family Essay - 906 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Quest for Family nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 1950’s were a decade of growth and expansion. Growth of the middle class, expansion of religion and a growing economy kept Americans on the move- literally. Families were moving from the cities and into the suburbs. â€Å"This massive shift in population from the central city was accompanied by a baby boom that started during World War II. Young married couples began to have three, four, or even five children (compared with only one or two children in American families during the 1930’s) (The American Story, pg. 729). This style of living began making the immediate†¦show more content†¦732). With all of this materialistic, religious and economic growth, the American Identity seemed to look like it was cut out of a cookie cutter- everyone seemed to be conforming to the same ideal- but that about those who did not have that â€Å"cookie cutter† life? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jack Kerouac was one of these people who were not living the typical American life. He and others like him were labeled as the â€Å"beats† because they â€Å"walked to the beat of a different drum† in comparison to the ideal. His book On the Road was the beginning of what is known now as the beat movement, telling of his adventures of traveling across America for seven years. What was he searching for on this journey and why? I am going to argue that Kerouac was searching for a family and that his search was fueled by the 50’s mindset. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"I first met Dean not long after my wife and I split up.† This was the first sentence of Kerouac’s story and it definitely sets the stage for the first thing he is searching for: family. Kerouac’s â€Å"fictional† character â€Å"Sal Paradise† ( I say â€Å"fictional† because really Sal is Kerouac- he reveals his thoughts and feelings through this character) is immediately intrigued with Dean, and Sal is searching for companionship in Dean. Unfortunately, when Dean met Carlo Marx,Show MoreRelatedCoraline1398 Words   |  6 Pagesis a quest structure that the protagonist follows through. The typical quest structure is as followed: an ideal happiness, disruption of the ideal happiness, tasks to reinstate happiness, and finally the reinstating of happiness. The cycle is never broken. In Neil Gaiman’s Coraline, this quest structure is abandoned. Unlike the typical quest structure, the protagonist, Coraline, u ndergoes a coming of age quest in which the quest structure deviates from the typical structure. Coraline’s quest signifiesRead Moreothello Essay956 Words   |  4 Pages The Theme of Quest Explored in â€Å"Araby† and Atonement In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby and Ian McEwan’s Atonement both authors express that that the characters mature and grow through quests. In Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† the boy goes on a quest to the bazaar to meet Managan’s sisters whom he is very interested in. However, because he is a young boy and does not leave his much, and has no source of income there are limitations on his freedom, which ultimately affect his quest. In McEwan’s Atonement Briony goesRead MoreThe Development of the Character of Bilbo Baggins1605 Words   |  7 Pagesprior to the quest, during the quest, and after the quest. Prior to the quest, Bilbo Baggins was a conservative, respectable and stubborn hobbit who lead a rich and comfortable life (Stephanie web). These characteristics, as well as safety and a dull existence, are typical of the Baggins Family. Bilbos father, Bungo Baggins, came from an unadventurous family that was, apart from their wealth, similar to most families in the Shire. Bilbos mother, Belladona Took, came from a family that was veryRead MoreA Hero of the Ages Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesGelfling, is a hero from the movie The Dark Crystal. Jens story is one of prophecy, the never ending fight between good and evil, and love. This composition shall trace Jens quest as well as evaluate his success in that quest, his individual self, and finally he shall be compared to one of the Greek heroes. Jens quest can be classified as restoring the good kingdom. During a time of great change in the universe, there was a single dark crystal which held the source of balance and truth. Read MoreCry, The Beloved Country1145 Words   |  5 PagesCry, the Beloved Country as a Quest Novel Human nature compels everyone to quest after things they have lost. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country Stephen Kumalo goes out in search of his family when his tribe is being torn apart by family members leaving and never coming back. He leaves Ndotsheni in search for his sister and his son, prompted by a letter from Reverend Msimangu in Johannesburg. Upon arrival in the great city, Kumalo meets Msimangu who leads him to to Gertrude. Kumalo reconcilesRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Friendship1053 Words   |  5 Pageshas changed dramatically, starting in fourth grade when I was accepted into Quest, the advanced program in my school district. In fourth and fifth grade I made friends with a majority of the other kids in Quest. We were all quite close. We hung out all the time. At recess the entire class played capture the flag together, apart from the rest of the classes in our school. We always stuck up for each other. We were like a family. The changes and continuiti es with my relationships have sculpted my outlookRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesGrapes of Wrath, many concepts appear that were noted in How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster. However, the three chapters of Foster’s how-to guide that most apply to Steinbeck’s novel were â€Å"It’s All About Sex†¦,† â€Å"Every Trip is a Quest (Except When It’s Not),† and â€Å"It’s More Than Just Rain or Snow.† On more than one occasion these concepts are hidden within the book, and two of them actually seem somewhat linked together. After reading between the lines, The Grapes of Wrath has anRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Friendship1053 Words   |  5 Pageshas changed dramatically, starting in fourth grade when I was accepted into Quest, the advanced program in my school district. In fourth and fifth grade I made friends with a majority of the other kids in Quest. We were all quite close . We hung out all the time. At recess the entire class played capture the flag together, apart from the rest of the classes in our school. We always stuck up for each other. We were like a family. The changes and continuities with my relationships have sculpted my outlookRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Knowledge And Scientific Discovery1223 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein, the Creature and Robert Walton. This pursuit of knowledge drives the plot of the novel, leading Victor to create the Creature in his attempt to break down the mortal barriers that surround him and unlock the secret of life. Robert Walton’s quest for discovery leads him to the North Pole, far beyond the reach of Humans at that time. Ultimately Victor’s thirst for knowledge and scientific discovery did him more harm than good with Victor’s hatred of his creation driving him to death. Frankenstein’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Lord Of The Flies913 Words   |  4 Pagesviews the character . The guardian in the story is the character that tries to get the hero to abandon the quest. The character shows up at any part of the quest and blocks or prevents the hero from the next part of the story. Sometimes this could be seen as obstacles that make the quest harder to complete. The guardian or obstacle must be defeated in some way in order to move on with the quest. The shadow is the villain in the story. The shadow’s only purpose is to cause conflict or strife for the

The Battle Of World War II - 2060 Words

1. Two major causes of World War II included when Hitler and his Nazi party took over Germany politically in 1933, and Japanese militarism. 2. Originally, America tried to stay neutral in the war. However, on December 7th, 1941, Japan’s forces bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, forcing our country to take side. The next day, President Roosevelt declared war on Japan. 3. The term home front refers to the civilian part of a nation at war when its armed forces are abroad in combat. On the American home front, many things changed. The home front put together volunteer efforts and the government put together government-managed rationing and price controls. The labor market was no longer the same, either. The Hollywood film industry became America’s look-to for propaganda. Furthermore, many people joined active labor, including housewives. In addition, gasoline was rationed, so many people just did not drive, because the amount rationed was so little. Among gasoline, many other necessary things in people’s everyday lives were rationed, or the production of them was cut off. People shared housing because housing supply was very limited. (Information received from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II)4. In my opinion, the campus is very handsome and lofty, with great sprawling green lawns and marble ar chitecture, with neat and tidy buildings. The students seem just as manicured, with crisp white shirts and black jackets. From what I read inShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The World War II974 Words   |  4 PagesSecond World War, the families would experience â€Å"a constant dread of receiving a telegram announcing the injury, missing status or capture, or death of a husband, son or father. Why help to fight World War II when you know the pain that it endures on your family? In the middle of World War II in 1939, a photographer captured a commemorative picture of a soldier/father kissing his daughter goodbye before her dad leaves Britain. Not only does the photograph show the impacts that World War II had onRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1345 Words   |  6 Pages World War II, intensified tensions between two of the strongest countries in the 1940s, the United States of America and Japan. On December 7,1941, Japanese planes and submarines attacked the American Naval ba se at pearl harbor, one of America’s largest bases and the largest base in the Pacific Ocean.The attack caused serious damage to the base, taking out America’s strongest battleships, killing thousands of people, and destroying hundreds of planes. America officially enters World War II. TheRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe first time aircrafts are seen playing major roles in World War II Germany and Japan had begun to attack the nation. Germany and Japan began their initial attacks strong with air strikes, first attacking Holland, Denver, France, and England. When the British retaliated, they had cutting-edge fighters guided by radar. The Battle for Britain was one of the first battles fought solely in the air, keeping Germany from taking control of Britain’s airways. Japan also began its attack on the U.S viaRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II995 Words   |  4 PagesAlyssa Humphrey Humphrey, 1 April 21, 2015 2nd On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war on Hitler s Nazi Germany in retaliation. Humiliated and dissatisfied with their loss in World War I Germany wanted a powerful leader who could bring them to a strong victory. Invading the whole world meant there would be other countries stronger then they were. By this time, the Japanese had built a strong naval offense system known as the Combined Fleet commanded by IrorokuRead MoreThe Battle Of World War II1168 Words   |  5 Pages The Battles of World War II Normandy Invasion, D-Day In December 1943, the head of staff of the Allies picked American General Dwight D. Eisenhower as incomparable administrator for the Allies in Europe. English General, Sir Frederick Morgan, added to various arrangements for the Allies, most uncommon was Operation Overlord, a full-scale intrusion of France over the English Channel. This was the codename for the most mysterious summon in the war. The initial plan was to cross the English ChannelRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II2128 Words   |  9 PagesWorld War II, which lasted from 1939 to 1945, is considered the largest armed conflict in human history. This war was fought over six different continents, in every ocean, and ultimately resulted in fifty million military and civilian deaths; including the six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust. Within the course of the seven-year span of fighting in the war, two decisive battles changed the tide of the war in each theater: The D-Day landings and the Battle of Midway. The invasion of NormandyRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1315 Words   |  6 PagesSam Carter L9 To What Extent was the Battle of Stalingrad a More Important Turning Point in World War II than the Battle of Britain? The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from the September 1942 through to early February 1943, and took place after the Germans had reached the fringes of Leningrad and Moscow in operation Barbarossa. Hitler’s, and the German commander of the sixth army, General von Paulus’ main aim was to take and secure the oil fields of Caucasus in Russia. The oil from here wouldRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1156 Words   |  5 PagesWord War II was a time that caused many people to feel a lot of tension, anxiety and concern. While some wanted power, control, and wanted the notion of superiority. Others were left feeling unsafe, scared, and were worried of what the future would bring them. The uncertainly lead many to feed off the fear and the tension among people rose. No one was to be trusted. During the time of World War II the most important thing to have was power. Countries did not care how they would achieve it they simplyRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global conflict known as World War 2 had been brutally raging on for over two years. American forces had managed to stay out of the war. However, when the Japanese bombed the naval base in Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, the Americans could no longer hold out. On December 7, 1941, the United States of America entered WWII (â€Å"Origins of the Normandy Landing†). Before the Americans entered the war, Winston Churchill and the Allies (Britain, Canada, France) were losing the war. Everything was against themRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1249 Words   |  5 Pageswere more than one hundred warships which included eight massive battleships. The US was suffering from the Great Depression, which made Americans think that they would stay out of World War II. As tensions grew between Japan and America, American sailors and airmen were training just in case the US were to join World War II. Americans had not realized that Japan and America were becoming enemies because the main enemy was Adolf Hitler; his goal was to conquer all the democracies of Europe. In 1940,

Factors of Soil Formation free essay sample

According to Arthur Holmes From a geological point of view soil may be defined as the surface layer of the mantle of rock-waste in which the physical and chemical processes of weathering co-operate in intimate association with biological proc ­esses (Principles of Physical Geology, Second Edition Completely Revised, the English Language Book Society Nelson). Arthur N. Strahler and Alan H. Strahler defines soil as a natural surface layer con ­taining living matter and supporting or capable of supporting plants. Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley Sons, Inc. , Newyork). Chester R. Longwell Richard F. Flint defines soil as-Soil is that part of the regolith that will support rooted plants. (Introduction to Physical Geology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley Sons, Inc. New York, London). From the above definitions, it may be stated that- Soil is the surface layer of the earth restricted to land, consisting of a layer of broken-down, fine and loose rock material, produced by the weathering processes, mixed with decayed vegetation and other organic matter. Soil may be found on top of the parent rock or at some distance from it after transport and supports vegetation. The science which deals with the study of the soil is known as Pedology and the process of soil formation is called pedogenesis. The Soil Profile The pedologists have distinguished a number of layers or horizons within the soil. A vertical section made through a soil reveals a series of more or less distinct layers. These layers from the surface down to the unchanged parent material is called the soil-profile, which is character ­istic of the residual soil (i. . the soil developed on top of the parent rock), where there is a gradual transition from the top soils to the partially decayed rock and finally to the unaltered rock). But a transported soil does not show any such characteristic. A simple soil-profile shows three distinct layers designated as A, B and C- layer. The upper layer containing most of the organic material is called the A-layer or horizon, which is comm only known as the top- soil. This is the horizon of maximum biological activity. The layer below the A-horizon is the B-horizon, which is poor in organic content and rich in clay. This layer is regarded commonly as sub soil Mineral matter removed from the A-horizon through solution are precipitated in the B-horizon. High concentration of clay minerals in the B-horizon may be due to mechanical removal of colloidal clays in suspension by the descending soil water. Deposition of the ferro-humus material along with the silt and clay particles sometimes form a layer which is dense, tough and well cemented and is called a hard pan or clay pan. The C-horizon lies below the B-horizon. This horizon contains remnants of the parent material and is little affected by biologic activity. However, it is affected by physical and chemical processes. This horizon grades downward into the unaltered parent rock. Bedrock underlying the C-horizon is designated as R- horizon. Soil Formation The natural processes of soil formation are very slow; and are due to a combination of several factors such as 1. Parent rock material, 2. Cli ­mate, 3. Plant and animal life, 4. Local topography 5. Time etc. Most of these factors are interdependent. The processes of soil formation are most intimately associated with the weathering processes and the factors indicated above also determine the characteristics of the soil. 1. Parent rock material These are the bedrocks on which the soil develops. The processes of mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition which constitute weathering proceed side by side result ­ing in the breaking down of the bedrock into a mixture of soluble and insoluble materials. While the soluble matter is removed in water, the insoluble residue forms a framework for the development of soil. Since the parent material or the bedrock is composed entirely of materials, it provides the inorganic constituents to the soil. The mineralogical composition of the bed rock from which the soil is derived, determines the rate of physical and chemical weathering as well as the composition of the soil. As we know, rocks composed of resistant minerals are slowly affected by weathering processes. Texture and structure of the parent material also determine the rate of weathring and the degree of retention of plant nutrients in the soil. 2. Climate Climatic conditions control weathering to a great extent. Climate of any particular region comprises elements like temperature, moisture including both humidity and precipitation, wind, air pressure, evaporation, and transpiration. Rainfall, as we know, is primarily dependent on the moisture content in the air and it varies from place to place with respect to its intensity, total amount in its distribution throughout the year. Heavy rainfall causes downward movement of water and soluble materials in the soil and the process is known as leaching. Leaching produces two distinct zones as:- (i) Zone of eluviation (i. e. washed out) in the A-horizon and (ii) Zone of illuviation (i. e. washed in) in the B-horizon. Climate gives rise to different soil types from the same parent material and also widely different parent materials may produce similar soils in one climatic context. Apart from rainfall, temperature plays a significant role in the weathering process. Temperature and moisture not only affect the rate of chemical weathering but also of bacterial activity, on the parent rock material in the process of soil-formation. 3. Plant and Animal life Many pedologists believe that soil is a biological phenomenon and that the plants play the leading role in the process of soil formation. Plants promote disintegration of rocks by the growth of trees in cracks or joints, thus wedging off large and small fragments of rocks. Roots often penetrate into the crevices of rocks exert on expanding force on the side walls. The biochemical activity of plants includes the extraction of various mineral substances, water and the necessary elements of nutri ­tion on the one hand, and on their death and decomposition they contribute towards the accumulation of organic matter in the soil, on the other. Dead plants contribute to the humus content of the soil and the process of humification releases carbon dioxide and organic acids together with traces of ammonia and nitric acid etc. which often speed up the decomposition of the mineral matter and accelerates soil-formation. The microflora such as bacteria, algae and fungi contributes sig ­nificantly to soil formation. But the activities of both bacteria and fungi are related to climatic conditions. In cold climates bacterial activity is limited whereas it is very intense and rapid in warm, moist climates. Bacteria are also involved in the nitrogen and sulphur cycles. Even the bacteria sometimes cause the quicker decay of neighbouring rock sur ­faces. Burrowing animals are effective soil makers. They make the soil and softer rocks porous and spongy and thus make them more readily susceptible to weathering and erosion. It has been estimated that earthworms completely work over a soil layer of 6 to 12 iches thick every 50 years. They extract vegetable matter from the soil by eating their way through it. As the soil passes through their bodies, it is subjected to mechanical and chemical modification. 4. Local topography It affects the character of the soil profile. True soils with a full profile can develop only on fairly flat surfaces where erosion is slow; whereas on steep slopes the profile never becomes completely developed as erosion removes the products of weathering as soon as they form. On flat upland surfaces, a thick soil is formed, often with a layer of clay, but it is well leached as uplands also attract heavier rainfall. On fiat-bottom lands in the flood plains, there is dark coloured, thick soils, since the flat bottom lands are poorly drained. 5. Time The development of a matured soil profile requires time. Soils are less well-developed if the soil-forming processes have not been in op ­eration for an adequate time period for a fully developed soil-profile, in most places, it needs several thousands years.

Organizational Governance and Leadership Transactional Leadership

Question: Describe about the Organizational Governance and Leadership for Transactional Leadership. Answer: Evidence of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Used by Bill Gates The transformational and transactional leadership of Bill Gates is the leadership style which processes changing and transforming an individual's performance which involves an unusual form of influence that follower moves to accomplish more than its expectation (Rampton more, 2016). Bill Gates has described various evidence of transactional and transformational leadership in which all the qualities of leadership have mentioned accordingly. He makes an effort in the organization to face new techniques and challenges which relate the success of the organization. Bill Gates has also indicated that transformational and transactional leadership increases the working performance in the organization (Singh, 2015). According to Bill Gates, this evidence helps the organization in making of decision which relates the growth of the business. A transformational leader must have to think carefully about development strategy and success of the organization. Evidence of discipline and effectiveness must need in the formation of a transformational and transactional leader. References Rampton, J. more, R. (2016). How Bill Gates Became a Leadership Legend. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 27 November 2016, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250607 Singh, M. K. (2015). A Conceptual Study on Leadership Theories and Styles of Managers with the special emphasis on Transformational Leadership Style. International Journal, 3(10), 748-756. Truth About Leadership by Kouzes and Posner. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 27 November 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiAtoO61C_w

Ernest Hemingway Lived His Life To The Fullest. He Experienced More Th

Ernest Hemingway lived his life to the fullest. He experienced more than any other man. Since not many people traveled as much as Ernest, Ernest shared his experiences in books. In ?The Snows of Kilimanjaro?, ?Hills like White Elephants?, and ?In Another Country?, Ernest Hemingway uses a great deal of dialogue to help the reader identify with the characters in the story to show the reader how he perceives the situation of his experiences. In Ernest Hemingway's short story, ?In Another Country?, a man is shocked by reality when he hurt his leg in World War I. This short story is primarily described with dialogue between the wounded man and other injured patience in the hospital. The short story takes place in Milan, Italy, in the middle of winter, during World War I. The events in ?In Another Country?, that are discussed relate to Ernest's experiences as a Red Cross ambulance driver. One night when Ernest decided to work a longer shift in the trenches, a bomb exploded right next to him. The only thing between Ernest and the bomb was a soldier. Without even thinking, Ernest immediately begin carrying the injured men out of the trench. While Ernest was carrying a man, he was shot in the knee. In ?In Another Country? Ernest describes his experiences in the hospital in Milan. Even though it is never said the narrator in the story is obviously Ernest. The dialogue between the Italian major and the narrator of the story, first is focused on the majors hand injury, and the machines that are suppose to provide the miracle cure for the major's and the narrator's injuries. But what the reader quickly learns is that the major suffers not from the injury of his hand, but the loss of his wife. The machines becomes a hollow promise with unbelievable photographs with miracle cures, but the message is the majors life is empty with the loss of his wife. In the mitts of all the war and wounds, what really mattered to the major was the love of his life. The narrator was told not to marry because he could lose everything which really put back in focus what is in important, the love of ones life. This surprisingly had a great effect on Ernest's life. Ernest was married four times. He could never settle down with just one woman. For that matter, he couldn't settle down anywhere for a long period of time. He was afraid he would grow too attached to something and then lose it. ?A man must not marry...he cannot marry, he cannot marry, if he was to lose everything, he shouldn't not place himself in the position to lose that. He should not place himself in a position to lose. He should find things he cannot lose.? (Hemingway 582) Hemingway practically lived by these words that the major said to the narrator in ?In Another Country?. In Ernest Hemingway's short story, "Hills Like White Elephants", a couple is depicted, primarily through dialogue, in a conflict over an issue which is really never mentioned, but is obviously an abortion. The story takes place at a railroad station in the Ebro Valley of Spain. The issues discussed in the story are amazingly similar to events which haunted Ernest's life. The characteristics of the man portrayed in the story are depictive of Ernest. One prevalent theme within the story "Hills Like White Elephants" is alcohol. The story takes place in a bar at a railway station and begins with a man and a woman sampling various alcoholic drinks which include "cervezas" and "Anis del Toros." It becomes clear that drinking is a major part of the couple's relationship when the woman later remarks, "That's all we do, isn't it. . . try new drinks."(Hemmingway 422) Alcohol played an extremely significant and extensive role in Ernest's life. Ernest commonly visited bars in the morning and would drink throughout the remainder of the day. Ernest's fourth wife, Mary, commented that she and Ernest "drank champagne and brandy always" (Hemingway 422).Ernest's wives would find empty bottles of whiskey under his bed because he would often drink himself to sleep. Alcohol dominated Ernest's life as well as his relationships with women. Travel

Business management and Change summary

Business management and Change summary 9.1HSC Topic 1: Business management changeThe nature of managementThe importance of effective managementDefinitionsManagement - The traditional definition of management is: The process of co-ordinating a business's resources to achieve the goals of the organisation.-The more contemporary definition of management views management as the process of working with through people to achieve business goals in a changing environment. Efficient effective use of resources is crucial to this.Effectiveness - Measures the degree to which a goal has been achieved.Efficiency - Weighs the resources needed to achieve the goal against what was actually achieved. (Cost Vs benefits)Management hierarchy-There are three levels of management, top management, middle management supervisory management. Level of responsibility increases from supervisory to top management but the level of technical skill decreases as it goes from supervisory to top management.Top management-Responsible for direction succes s of the business's activities, the long-term strategic plans needed to meet objectives.English: Business center at State University of Ma...-In some businesses key members of management regularly attend board meetings to outline the activities direction of the business under their control. Although directors are not directly responsible for the day-to-day management of the business, they usually have extensive business backgrounds.Middle management-Responsible for interpreting carrying out policies throughout the firm, as well as the successful operation of certain divisions or departments.-Responsible for administering the budgets, formulating departmental policies plans that are consistent with the firm's overall policies plans.-Responsible for appointing the bulk of the new employees needed by the organisation.Supervisory management-Supervisory management forms the link between top management the workers in an enterprise by channelling information between them.-Supervisor y managers are responsible for seeing that jobs are done properly. They are therefore chosen for both their ability to motivate their workers ...

Minimum wage Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Minimum wage - Term Paper Example There have been two proposals for adult minimum-wage and teen wages in the United States. Adults need the minimum-wage for living expenses and teens need them to learn the responsibility and pay expenses of their own. The research has uncovered many factors that impact upon these questions; as well as the number of jobs that are attainable in the workforce. As the economy is changing, firms are questioning their future finances to meet the dual standards of minimum-wage and population growth. These issues overlap invariably for everyone in the workplace as Hamilton firm studies give the results with minimum wage and the projected time it will take to rise out of the economic stagnation the country is in at the present time. Said one set of researchers, â€Å"We also continue to explore the nation’s ‘jobs gap’ or the number of jobs needed to return to pre-recession employment levels (Harris & Kearney, 2014). Figure 1.0 below denotes the overall impact of increasin g minimum wage; based upon the number of individuals within the workforce that would have been â€Å"pushed out of poverty† as a result of this increase. The issue of the minimum wage has been under discussion for many years. Ultimately, the United States is one of a handful of countries around the world that legally institutes a minimum wage that the worker is able to receive. This is done to ensure that the workers are not taken advantage of and paid less than a â€Å"living wage†. However, the fact of the matter is that a â€Å"living wage†, as minimum wage has oftentimes been referred to, is ultimately in effect, a subjective measurement. However, minimum wage is oftentimes utilized as a means of supporting entire families within the lower socioeconomic strata of the United States; something it was never designed to do. When one considers the fact that the current rate of unemployment within the nation’s teenagers is in

Discuss the relationship between the orthodox and the marginal, Essay

Discuss the relationship between the orthodox and the marginal, referring closely to at least two texts we have discussed on the unit - Essay Example It made its presence felt in the field of art, science, history, religion, literature, philosophy and politics as well as other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Scholars and thinkers of this era, sought out in search of ancient texts written in Latin or ancient Greek which had been long lost and forgotten into obscurity, which fuelled their desire to increase and improve their worldly knowledge - a concept totally in contrast to the transcendental spirituality strongly propagated by medieval Christianity. These scholars, however did not denounce or reject Christianity, but this cultural shift and the quest for knowledge did brought about a change in the way religion was approached by the intellectuals and was evident in many areas of their cultural life. Shakespeare’s Richard III and Christopher Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta and Dr Faustus, all three of which were widely popular and yet severely criticized mainly because of it’s content and candid use of language, and study them in the light of Renaissance – an era of immense exploration and questioning of ideas and well established philosophies. Although there exist many views regarding the exact date of the Renaissance period in history, for the purpose of this essay, the period between 14th to 17th centuries is considered as the Renaissance Era. In England, the Elizabethan era marked the beginning of the Renaissance Era, with the works of such writers as William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Milton and Edmund Spenser. This led to the development of new ideals on humanism which were far more liberal and secular as opposed to those in the medieval era to the chagrin of the yet unquestioned Christian backdrop. Much of the literary work was dedicated to religion or Church, as a result it had profound effect on contemporary theology, particularly the way in which the relationship between man and god was perceived. The Renaissance thus could well be perceived as a time of religious

People and Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

People and Organizations - Essay Example Assembly lines were dedicated to the production of a single thing, implying the development of dedicated machine tools and workers, operating individually rather than as a work team, were responsible for the performance of single tasks within the assembly process. The implication here is that the said philosophy is funding upon the division of a single project/process into its constituent elements and the total dedication of man and machine to the efficient and timely execution of those single tasks. The Fordist production system, as defined in the above, reduced the cost of automobile manufacturing by 90% and led to the evolution of mass production and the associate mass consumption, and consumer culture. Although incontrovertibly efficient, however, it was not flexible and led to the accumulation of significant inventories. This, however, does not imply that the Fordist system has passed out of existence since several of its elements have been integrated into contemporary organizations and management systems. These elements are lack of specialization, as in workers and employees being able to fulfill a number of tasks if and when required, control over the business processes, efficiency predicated on the division of single projects into its constituent parts, calculability, predictability and, importantly, the organization as an efficient machine. In the final analysis, therefore, while the Fordist system of production may have been replaced by others more compatible with current requirements and realities, its philosophical elements have survived and have been integrated into organizational management. II Despite their positive impact upon production and their contribution to the evolution of more efficient and effective organizations, Taylorism and Scientific Management were, as a result of the controversy they inspired, replaced by the human relations approach to management. Following a brief overview of both, the differences between the two approaches shall be elucidated. Scientific management adopts an objective, rational approach to organizational management, such as which decentralizes socio-cultural and human factors and considerations. This approach advocates the division of labor in the production process for the attainment of maximum productivity, even as it insists upon the separation of the physical from the mental tasks. The aforementioned practices are predicated on the belief that the work process is measurable, in that the componential elements of a single process can be quantified, just as the steps involved in the completion of each can be measured. The implication here is that through the rational quantification of work process steps, the calculation of the time it tales to complete each, the work process can evolve into a semi-automatic and highly efficient phenomenon. Scientific management, as may have been determined from the preceding, marginalizes the human factor, to the extent of rendering the work process an unthinking and routinised one wherein workers are isolated one from the other. Its focus on the rational, leading to its failure to acknowledge the human factor was a source of criticism and controversy. More importantly,

Globalisation And Fierce Competition Causing Shorter Product Life Cycle Business Essay

Globalisation And Fierce Competition Causing Shorter Product Life Cycle Business Essay In an era of globalisation and fierce competition, the introduction of products with shorter and shorter life cycle and the heightened expectations of customers have forced companies to invest in and focus attention on their supply chain. Companies must be able to configure and utilize worldwide resources to keep up with the competition. It involves sourcing products from most appropriate manufacturing facility, keep balance between inventory, transportation and manufacturing cost and match supply and demand under uncertainty (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky Simchi-Levi 2003). With the significant increases in different products, coupled with demands for higher throughput and reduced inventory, postponement will be one of the strategies used by the companies. The aim of this essay is to examine into the link between postponement and warehousing. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how a warehouse may play a role in postponement. This essay will begin by understanding the concept of postpo nement, the need and usage of postponement and types of postponements with different postponement activities and its lead time and cycle time restrictions. It will then look into the topics of inventory and warehousing such as the roles of the warehouses and the distribution methodologies. It will conclude by linking the use of warehouses in the practice of the postponement strategies. Concept of postponement Postponement is first implemented in manufacturing processes to reduce cost of inventory and improve service level within the company while the product variety increases. The concept of postponement is to delay the change in form, identity and place to the latest possible point until customer commitments have been obtained (Battezzati Coletta 2008). It is by exploiting the commonality between items and by designing the production and distribution process so as to delay the point of differentiation (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine 1999). Postponement is closely intertwined with modularization where products in a certain product family are designed where all of them consist of different standardized units. With modularization, combination of different standardized sub-components allows the producing of different end products (Dekkers 2009). The form, function and place of the product are altered and is in contra with the push systems in which goods are manufactured entirely in anticipation of future customer orders and stored downstream without customers formulated specifications (Hoek 1997). Anderson (2004) wrote that postponement is a mass customization technique that is applicable for certain products that can have their variety postponed until just before shipping. Hoek (1997) illustrated a list of methods for achieving mass customization: Create products and services that are customizable by customers (involving design function) Modularize components to customize finished products and services (involving the manufacturing, distribution, marketing function and the product design). Provide quick response throughout the value chain (involving the design, manufacturing, distribution and marketing function). Customize services around standard products or services (involving the distribution and marketing function). Provide point of delivery customization (involving the marketing function). The need and usage for postponement Hoek (1997) stated that the application of postponement strategies is increasing in the practice of international business. Final processing or manufacturing activities are moving either upstream from national operations or downstream from global production plants. The biological products life cycle of product is the concern in respect to inventory risks and this is in contrast with electronics industries where short product life cycles in the market are a key driver of postponement. Postponement reduces the uncertainty and risks coupled with product variety. In additional, it saves costs and adds values to the supply chain by eliminating obsolete inventory and making the product to customers specification more easily (Baluch 2006). The accelerating need for simultaneous product differentiation, rapid delivery, regional product variation and competitive cost levels are also the factors that led to the usage of postponement strategy (Hoek 1997). Types of postponements Bowersox and Closs (cited in Hoek 1997) stated that there are three generic types of postponement: form, time and place postponement. Form postponement refers to the postponement of final manufacturing or processing activities; time postponement refers to the delaying of the forward movement of goods until customer orders have been received; place postponement refers to the positioning of inventories upstream in centralized manufacturing or distribution operations to postpone the forward or downstream movement of goods. With the combination of time and place postponement, it is referred to as logistics postponement. An example is whereby in centralized European distribution structures where goods are stored at a limited number of central locations and shipped to customers on the basis of actual orders. Depending on the type of final manufacturing operation, the type of product and market, Cooper (cited in Hoek 1997) specified four possible final manufacturing structures in postponement: unicentric manufacturing, bundled manufacturing, deferred assembly, deferred packaging. In unicentric manufacturing, the final stage of manufacturing is delayed until the point of consumption (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine 1999). This type of postponement is used through integrated manufacturing in a global manufacturing plant, distribution to order, for global brands with standard formulation and peripherals for example CPUs. In bundled manufacturing, it is forecast-driven where final manufacturing in a continental plant, for products with a global brand, standard peripherals and different formulation, for example TVs. In deferred assembly, it is order-driven where final manufacturing or processing in the international distribution channel, for products with a global brand and different formulation and peripherals. Lastly on deferred packaging, it refers to packaging and configuring shipments in a local warehouse, for products with a global brand, standard formulation and different peripherals (Hoek 1997). Postponement activities Zinn and Bowersox (cited in Hoek 1997) presented in another fashion that focus on the activities. Five types of postponements are listed: labelling postponement, packaging postponement, assembly postponement, manufacturing postponement and time postponement. According to Hoek (1997), labelling and packaging postponement is related to the level of postponement in deferred packaging, both impacting the place and form of the finished product. For assembly and manufacturing postponement, it is in related to bundled manufacturing and deferred assembly where both impacting the form and place of the finished product and also its function. The distinction between assembly and manufacturing postponement is the use of various sourcing locations and the resulting converging stream of goods. Manufacturing postponement operation is obligated to have a complete job-shop layout in manufacturing postponement which contrasts to assembly postponement systems where products are sourced mainly from one source, only some peripherals or additives may be sourced locally. And lastly on time postponement, it is related to the level of postponement in unicentric manufacturing, in which the place of the finished goods in the supply chain is impacted. Examples of postponements strategies Robeson, Copacino and Howe (1994) have shared some examples of different postponement strategies used by various companies. Benetton have used manufacturing postponement or bundled manufacturing where the fabrics are dyed after the completion of the stitching processes, in which they are more able to react quickly and ship products of greater variety. Dell Computers is one of the examples where its standardised sub-components are kept standing by and the product is assembled upon order as part of the assembly postponement or deferred assembly structures. Hewlett Packard is another company that uses the packaging postponement strategy or deferred packaging where it handles the multilingual requirements of its customers through packaging postponement by including an instruction manual relevant to the language of the customer at the point of sales. An example for labelling postponement is for companies in food industries. Labelling is postponed until food marketing companies buy and bra nd it at different times during the year according to product and market conditions. Labelling postponement minimizes the risk of inaccurate forecasts on inventory and economizes on canning production during a busy season. Lead time and cycle time restrictions in postponement The evolution of a products variety, volume and weight throughout the process influences the extent to which it is possible to save transportation and inventory carrying costs by postponing variety, volume and/or weight increase. Short lead times may not require anticipation if final manufacturing can be performed within short cycle times. Manufacturing postponement is possible only when required lead times allow for a number of days additional lead time on top of transportation times. Products or activities can be performed with short lead times or cycle time for assembly postponement. Similarly on packaging and labelling postponement, it is more focused on rapid lead times. However, because of cycle time restrictions on form postponement, very short lead times is impossible and may also require very localized distribution channels at the extreme positioning inventories very close to customers in local depots (Hoek 1997). Inventory and warehousing According to Baker (2007), inventory cost took up 13 percent of the total logistics costs while warehousing accounted for a further 24 percent in the survey of logistics costs in Europe. Being significant in cost terms, warehousing play an important role in modern supply chain for better customer service. Product availability is being a key service metric and warehousing is being critical to the success of failure of many supply chains. Waters (cited in Baker 2007) indicated that increasing globalisation has led to longer supply lead-times which conventional inventory control theory resulted in greater levels of inventory to provide the same service levels. With the addition of more distant supply lines, there is a possibility of increasing variation in supply lead-time and increased the amount of safety stocks. Another factor is the transport economies of long distance movements where cost economies are be achieved by despatching in larger quantities with full container loads that i ncreased cycle stocks. Main role of warehouses According to Frazelle (2002), there have been with all the initiatives in e-commerce, supply chain integration, efficient consumer response, quick response and just-in-time delivery, the supply chain connecting manufacturing with end consumers can never be so well coordinated that eliminate the need of warehousing. The role and mission of warehouse operations are changing and will continue to change dramatically in the modern supply chains. Warehouses play several vital roles such as: Raw material and component warehouse: For holding raw materials at or near to point of induction into a manufacturing or assembly process Work-in-process warehouse: For holding partially completed assemblies and products at various points along an assembly or production line Finished good warehouse: For holding inventory to balance and buffer the variation between production schedules and demand Distribution warehouse and distribution centres: For accumulating and consolidating products from various points of manufacture within a single firm, or from several firms, for combined shipment to common customers. Fulfilling warehouses and fulfilling centres: For receiving, picking and shipping small orders for individual consumers Local warehouses: For distributing in the field in order to shorten transportation distance to permit rapid response to customer demand Value-added services warehouses: For serving as a facility for product customization activities to be executed, such as packaging, labelling, marking, pricing and return processing Dekkers (2009) added that these raw materials, work in progress and finished goods are stored in the warehouse to feed into production or to satisfy customer needs. The need of carrying inventories is due to the uncertainty in supply, future demand and lead-times that companies are faced with. Carrying inventories is in order to be use as buffer between different demand and supply rates. Also in the situation where suppliers have problems with delivery or qualities of materials, raw materials held in inventory can avoid stock-outs situations. Work in progress inventories are maintained because of the poor maintenance, unreliable working or fast schedule changes. Carrying inventories is also to provide for anticipated changes in demand and supply where there may be a drastic change in price of availability of raw materials or planned market promotion or where business is seasonal. According to Bask (2001), all manufacturing is executed before the products are distributed to the decentralized distribution system close to customer in a full speculation postponement strategy. Companies can have a more cost-effective production and purchase in producing or purchasing materials in lots. Due to ordering costs, quantity discounts and transportation cost in large lots, economies of scale are achieved as large standardized product lot-sizes can be manufactured and distributed. On the other had, the logistic postponement strategy differs from full speculation strategy with decentralised distribution system by using centralized inventory in which finalized products are distributed to a larger geographic area. Inventories were reduced with the advantage of high in-stock availability. Thereafter, products are transported in large lot-sizes to centralized warehouse, through with increased onward distribution costs compared to the decentralised system. Other roles of warehouses According to Baker (2007), the role of warehouses is theorised in many text books that the key warehouse functions are inventory holding and the servicing of customer orders from that inventory. Drucker (cited in Baker 2007) have stated that other roles for warehouses are being seen to be increasing important as they changed from holding yards to switching yards. Higginson and Bookbinder (cited in Baker 2007) listed of the roles of distribution centres as: Make/break-bulk consolidation centres for consolidating customer orders together into one delivery to gain transport economies. Cross-dock centres for satisfying customer orders from another source (e.g. a manufacturing plant) by passing through the distribution centre within a few hours Transhipment facilities for changing transport mode (e.g. from large line-haul vehicles to smaller delivery vehicles). Assembly facilities on which the final configuration of the product to individual customer requirements can take place. Product-fulfilment centres for responding directly to product orders from the final consumer (e.g. as internet fulfilment operations). Returned goods depots for handling unwanted and damaged goods, as well as goods returning under environmental legislation such as for product recovery and packaging waste. Miscellaneous roles, such as customer support, installation and repair services. Baker (2007) commented that a number of the above roles may be associated with some of the concepts, such as agility, production postponement and time compression and are recognised as increasing trends in warehousing in current modern supply chains. Conclusion Some business models particularly applicable to fashion and high-technology industries, they are suited to identify consumer trends and rapidly pushing product directly to the market. The use of flexible manufacturing systems, production postponement and the centralisation of inventory are put in place for this cause. With postponement strategies in place, it would be possible to identify the trade-offs between inventory and other supply chain elements, such a purchasing (e.g. bulk discounts on goods at lower unit purchase prices), manufacturing (e.g. lower production costs through less frequent change-over and hence larger batch sizes) and transport (e.g. full container load transport at lower unit transport costs) by utilizing the roles of the warehouse that may include a mix of elements such as inventory holding, order consolidating, cross docking and postponement activities.

Christian Unity and Ecumenism Essay -- Ecumenicalism, Ecumenical Movem

The ideal of unity seems to be of great importance in the religious world, but rarely is it ever achieved among professed Christians. However, it is vitally important to comprehend unity in its Biblical light. Jesus prayed in John 17:21, â€Å"That they all may be one, as thou, Father art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.† By definition, unity is the state of being one. In order to have a unified church every member must be one one with the Father and the Son. Subsequently, to achieve such an oneness, each member must be perfectly holy, because God is holy. Unfortunately, this is where a clear contrast is made between the saints and mere religious professors. Religious professors practice ecumenism at the cost of disregarding God's word. Religion will sacrifice the doctrine of Christ in order to achieve an outward union. Religion will make allowances for sin, worldliness, heresies, and other spirits of ungodliness in order to gain a universal, all inclusive church. Ecumenism is the spirit of the age and its origins can be traced to the pits of hell, the promoter of Babylon. Ecumenical spirits influence various religions to lay aside theological differences, and accept and tolerate diverse beliefs coming together and forming ecclesiastical bonds. Historically, Catholics and Protestants fought each other, and not only through verbal exchange, but through physical means as well. World and religious leaders today advocate accepting all faiths and tolerance of differing viewpoints. For the most part they reflect the ideals of the general consensus. Popular opinion suggests that there are various paths to God, and it is narrow minded to believe there is only on... ...ls short of it will be eternally lost. The message of the Church of God is â€Å"come out of her my people and be not a partaker of her (Babylon) sins.† Come out of all false religion, even if it be under the guise Church of God. Renounce sects, denominations, and systems of men! Forsake ecumenism for it is the promotion of Satan and is available at a bargain rate at almost every religious grocer's market, but at the price of eternal damnation. It costs nothing to obtain the approval of religious establishments, but will cost man his soul because it does not obtain the approval of God. Ecumenism is of the flesh and has deceived and will continue to deceive multitudes. There is only one kind of unity that meets the approval of heaven and the criteria of God's word, and it is the unity of the spirit. May fellowship first begin with God, and with his Son Jesus Christ.

Health Care Innovation Essay

Asthma is most common in children it begins at infancy and continues to adulthood. Approximate 40,000 Americans miss school or work. This is costing the United States economies about $56 billion a year. Research companies are coming up with 74 new medicines to treat or present asthma. By producing new medicines it will help reduce the cost of asthma. Asthmas are often described with symptoms of a cough which can be worse at night. Wheezing is a noise heard in the airways this is most common in children who live in urban areas. They may be exposed to the most dangerously cock roach antigens, dust mites or pet danger. The high risk for the children had more hospitalizations unscheduled medical visits. Patients can face multiple barriers to care such as lack of routine pediatrician visits and have no access to asthma specialty care. The benefits patient’s especially preschool children there are a Head Start program in Baltimore Maryland, where all the children in the program can receive services through a pediatric asthma clinic while also learning and educating themselves from asthma educators. The mobile clinic offers asthma examination and prescriptions along with parent education about the disease. The asthma educator does a home visit where he or she explains how the program works and how the parents can learn to communicate with the pediatrician another option would be to offer the family to accompany them to their physician’s office. Each year Breath mobile sends forms home with for parents interested in a visit. The parents fill out the form and have the child bring it back to school the next day. Next the assessment where each child gets a form and the screening comes back with presence symptomatic asthma. The staff reaches out to them to schedule a visit during school hours where both child and parent need to attend. A team of pediatric allergist or pulmonologist comes in with a NP, RN, where the examination takes place with each child. Their main focus is on medical history and testing the child’s lung function. Medications should be taken to prevent any flare up. Families receive asthma education and also to follow up with your primary care physician. Some of the new medicines they are trying out is a momocinioal antibody that inhibits eosinophils( a type of white blood cell) form accumulating in the lungs. Next, a new inhalation therapy that harnesses the body’s natural defense in the airway against asthma. Lastly, a medicine that blocks the pro-inflammatory effect of prostaglandin in allergic asthma. (innovations.org 2012) Another development is with 4 new medicines the first one is reducing eosiophil accumulation which means the white blood cells is important for killing parasites in the body, although it can occur in your lung tissues which will damage the lining of your air passage. Second, controlling pathogens is an inhalation therapy. Third alleviating allergy systems there is a protein called interieukin that plays a role in the symptoms of allergic asthma. The increased mucus may contribute to the airway obstruction. Another one is blocking inflammatory response where the prostaglandin and protein receptor crth2 of allergens will cause imflammorty cells to flare up. I think this asthma innovation will decrease health care spending. By offering more services such as these above more children will be able to breathe better. Their not many appointments scheduled or kept. Some of the children had no change in symptoms. When bringing a mobile clinic it did not change the access of care. Families should be more educated about asthma, and be able to have a community advocate. Let parents choose convenient times include other options for expanding interventions. Every child that suffers with asthma will benefit from this and the parents will be relieved such services existed. This will help them live a happy life and to control there breathing would be helpful also and be able to avoid asthma attacks. In addition the number of hospitals visits for pediatric asthma medical assistance has increased. This is measured by how many ambulatory visits, emergency department use. Since 2000 ambulatory visits are increasing due to disease severity and health care utilization. The youngest boys (0-4 years of age) used ambulatory care and hospital services more frequently than did girls of the same age, but different according to sex decreased to insigifant levels in the 11-17 year old age group. (hing, 2004) Path physiology of Asthma Airway inflammation continues to expand and may be an alliance of many cells types. Asthma can be difficult to diagnosis in infants and toddlers. Wheezing has been suggested as the most important symptom in identifying asthma in disease population studies. (Gergen 1998) With the variety of etiologies, asthma is characterized by heterogeneity. The improved phenotype was to classify the missing compounds of heritability. The term phenotype, as introduced by Johannes and Shull was intended to characterize different â€Å"types† of organisms distinguishable by their observable characteristics (eg, shape, structure, size and color.) New Innovations Along with new research and development of diagnostician wheeze indemnification. A deceiver called Pulmotrack and wheezeometer will help with young children who are unable to cooperate. This device was successful used in brochoprovocation testing in infants. The current asthma inhaler children are using cost effective and it is the safest scientific approach for asthma therapy. While you are at your physicians office the cost is determined by which drug of choice, availability and reimbursement options. The device the doctor chooses should be tailored to their age. With health care spending on this innovation will stay the same? Unless they are able to determine a better treatment for kids. I think parents and doctors should be educated about the risks and medication using. If they do need to change medications for any reason then go back to your physician and have them look it over. Every patient should have a written asthma plan which should include the following: regarding triggers, medications, and emergency contracts. This information should be reviewed at every visit. Intervention is the best out come for asthma patients, whether a school based clinic, doctor’s office, or a parent helps them out. Factors are still missing with regards to epidemiology, pathophysioogy environmental control these have yet to be resolved. Asthma is diagnosed in children from infancy to adulthood it can come from dust mites, air in the environment tobacco smoke. Researchers are studying new ways to treat asthma for patients. In developing new medicines to kill parasites by controlling pathogens while targeting interleukin and environmental allergens. With all this new technology and medicine coming into the future children will be able to have better control over there asthma systems and will not have to worry about it all their life. References Eakin MN, Rand CS, Biderback A, et.al. Asthma in Head Start Children. Effects of the Breathmobile Program and family communications on Asthma outcomes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Published online November 21, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.jacionline.org/article/s0091-6749(1)01622-8/abstract Gergen PJ, Mullay DI, Evans R III. National Survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976-1980. Pediatrics 1988; 81(1);1-7. Hing E, Cherry DK, Woodwell DA, National Ambulatory Medical care survey: 2004. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 374. National center for health statistics; 2006. Innovation in Action: The Improving Asthma care for children programs. Retrieved from http://www.pediatricasthma.org/Medicaid_managed_care Innovation.org Asthma March 5, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.inovovatioin.org/index.cfm/futureofinnovation/newmedicineindevelopment/asthma.

Social Networks Example

Social Networks Example Social Networks – Personal Statement Example Social Networks Submitted to, Submitted By, of the Submitted on, [August INTRODUCTION The present day human society is poles apart from what it was just a few decades ago. It os the effects of information and communications technology that have made this change happen. The human society got boosted socially in the last decade of the twentieth century. This decade gave a boost to communication and information technology thus increasing the social media popularity on a whole. Scholars Kling, McKim and King quote as follows (2009), â€Å"Information and communication technologies have transformed our world in many ways; Yet, informal scholarly scientific communication forms a socio-technical interaction network in which communication is influenced by technology but defined by the social structures of scientists and their organizations. â€Å" The inception of internet has widened various horizons for man. Various networks have sprung over the internet that allow user to connect to each other for leisure and fun or for commercial purposes. Social networking or business networking sites are categorized on the basis of the type of connectivity that the said networking site offers. The social networking sites can be categorized by various means that include their mode of connectivity, purpose, and their remuneration, if any applicable. Various studies conducted so far reveal that these sites are not only a source of benefit but also have certain cons associated with them. These cons include privacy, addiction and cyberbullying issues. BUSINESS AND SOCIAL NETWORKING The most current news surrounding social networks is that whether they can be used for serious business processing or not. Since social networking is the hype of the present times they are a potential market for businesses to introduce their products. Most of the internet users go online only to get connected on the social web by signing into the social networking website in which they are registered. BUSINESS AND THE SOCIAL WEB The most prominent business oriented applications that are supported by the ‘Facebook’ social network are related to the Forex. /original forex dealing vendors host these applications. The handling of virtual money by the users of the application enables the trading of stocks in the application. Since trading of real money is absent, not much of profit making is linked with this application. It is stressed that the core purpose of social networks is to provide entertainment and a happy go lucky means to spend leisure time. Most of the Social networking websites’ users are youngsters and teenagers who do not have their real world stakes involved in the social web and are thus not very willing to spend any money on applications that proposes businesses related provisions over their social network. Applications over the social web are also not independent business sublets of their owner businesses. Rather, they are constructed such that they provide a means of marketing their patent business and direct the consumers towards that businesses’ own webpage. Such a promotional attitude by the applications cannot prove to be a profit generating venture. Individual users who possess their personal profiles over the social networking websites are also reluctant in merging their current profiles with heir business curriculum vitae. Users insist that the linking of one’s leisure activities would create a negative impact on his professionalism and would in turn give a back-thrust to the user rather than giving his corporate life a boost. CONCLUSION Social networking platform is not a very ideal platform for promotion of businesses unless the stakes involved on their application sublets fully reflect their owner businesses as individual sublets that have the capability of getting indulged into real world business transactions. REFERENCES: Atal M., (August 22, 2007). Profiting from Social Networking. Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved from: businessweek.com/innovate/content/aug2007/id20070822_791378_page_2.htm Kling, R., McKim, G., & King, A. (May 2009).† A bit more to it: Scholarly communication forums as socio-technical interaction networks†. [Electronic version]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 47-67. Retrieved from: http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/6/444

Just Win the Moment My Journey with Anxiety Professor Ramos Blog

Just Win the Moment My Journey with Anxiety I am jolted awake by people moving and music playing.Where am I?I wonder. I look around and see my friend’s mother next to me, whose shoulder I had fallen asleep on. Then I remember. I’m on my high school’s east coast tour,in New York City, on Broadway, inside a theater, seeingPhantom of the Opera. I feel so hot and cramped. It’s getting harder to breathe. I’m scared. My stomach turns in pain.Oh no,I think,I’m having an anxiety attack.I quickly climb over the people sitting next to me, not caring if I bump into them.I need to get out of here.I sprint up the stairs of the steep balcony.Where is the bathroom in this place?I burst through the opening to the main hallway and see an extensive line.So many people.â€Å"Is this for the bathroom?† I ask a girl standing in line. â€Å"Yeah,†sheresponds.Nonononononono. This can’t be happening. I NEEDto get out of here. Stairs. I see stairs. I go and sit down on the stairs and feel a moment’s relief of calm. I wish it had lasted longer. Then a man approaches. I look up at him. He has such a kind face. He looks like he works here. â€Å"You can’t sit there, Miss,† he says. I I become more upset. â€Å"I’m having an anxiety attack,† I say. He looks at me, confused. â€Å"I’ll be right back,† he says. He runs down the stairs and a few minutes later returns with a folding chair and acold waterbottle. He sets the chairupagainst the wall adjacent to the bathroom line. â€Å"Thank you,† I say to him. He nods and quickly disappears. I start to spiral down the rabbit hole. My heart is pounding, my ears feel like they’re stuffed with cotton, my vision is tunneling. I feel like everyone in the line is staring at me.Chaperones on the tripcome up and talk to me. I’d had a fever for four days straight until this morning, so they think I have a fever again.They try to give me medicinefor a fever, but I’ve already takenmedicine just a few hours ago. I try to tell them what’s wrong. They won’t listen to me. I can barely hear them;Ijustwish them and everyone else would disappear. I wish I would disappear. Suddenly, a woman is kneeling in front of me. She’saveryattractive, middle-aged, blonde woman. â€Å"Are you okay?† she asks me. She seems to be the only person who genuinely cares. â€Å"No,† I say. â€Å"Can I pray with you?† sheinquires. â€Å"Okay,† I say. She prays for me and I feel the slightest bitofcalm.When theprayerends,I am terrified again. God, please help me.This was all I could think for the remainderof the night. It only got worse after this moment. That night and the last 3 days of thetrip became a never-ending nightmare for me. The panic didn’t leave me until I got to the airport to fly home. I barely ate for those lastthreedays,feelingsick whenever I tried to eat. I thoughtthatonce I got back to California and was with my parents again, I would be back to my normal self. And I was, for a few weeks. Little did Iknow,those lastthreedaysof the tripwould haunt me in times to come. I’ve struggled with anxiety and OCD ever since I was in the third grade. I’vealways felt like the odd one out because of it. At times, even going to school was a struggle. It held me back from enjoying things and going on trips. Most people have a misconception of anxiety;they believe that it’s just a little bit of nervousness andthat theycan just say â€Å"Don’t worry!† and everything will be all puppies and rainbows. They’re wrong. Having anxiety is like being trapped in your own body. I remember many times when I would be sitting in class and would suddenly feel a rush of panic flood into my body, almost as if somethinghadbeeninjected into my bloodstream. Itwas so terrifying when it would happen that I became afraid of being afraid.Events and trips that used to be appealing and exciting to me increasingly became things I dreaded and avoided. My life gradually became sucked of joy and excitement and saturated with fear and loneliness. One of the worst parts about this struggle was that many of my peers didn’t understand it. I found it very embarrassing, and still do, to have a panic attack in front of other people. I had a friend who would occasionally make fun of my struggle, like it was some hilarious thing to joke about. It hurt me a lot becauseshewas one of my closest friends at the time and the fact that she made those jokes and no one else stood up for me made me feel even more alone and trapped inside of myself. I went to many therapy sessions, did EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), took medication,practiceddeep breathing, exercised, and listened to podcasts. While these thingsdefinitely helped, I still struggled to be calm again. Mymother(who is a licensed marriage and family therapist)and my fatherhave helped meimmensely. I remember one of the times my anxietyhadgottenreally bad, my dad told me, â€Å"Don’t think about tomorrow. Just win this moment, right here, right now.†Simplyfocusing on the importance of the present really helped take the pressure offme. Although I am not perfect, I have come such a long way from where I began, and through thisI have learned so many life lessons. No, it was not easy. It was incredibly painful and devastating at times. However, I made it through,and I continue to push through. Because of my experience with anxiety, not only have I been able to help some of my friends who struggle with it, but I have also been able to educate some of my peers about anxiety so they canhave a better understanding. As Leo Buscaglia puts it, â€Å"Worry never robs tomorrow of its sorrow, it only saps today of its joy.†, I am reminded to stay present in every moment and push my hardest to enjoy today, while today lasts. â€Å"Hot Auctions Hot BINs End Soon.†Welcome to ComicArtFans!, comicartfans.com/gallerypiece.asp?piece=595672. Leo Buscaglia Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2019.

The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Research Paper

The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Capabilities - Research Paper Example Such a project will provide insights to organizations on how different knowledge management strategies create opportunities for organizations to achieve innovations through the use of intellectual capital (Boer and During, 2001, p. 102). Particular emphasis will be on how strategies on human resource management influence a firm’s level of innovation.   Innovation refers to changes in organizational processes or existing products aimed at creating a competitive advantage in the market. Basically, it involves the identification of opportunities and utilizing them with the intention of creating new products, services or work processes (Daft and Weick, 2004, p. 450). Research studies indicate that organizations with higher innovative capabilities have higher chances of succeeding in response to changes in their business environment. There are different forms of innovation but the most common forms include organizational innovation, process innovation and product innovation (Subr amaniam and Youndt, 2005, p. 460). Organizational innovation refers to the development of new structures and management practices. Product innovation relates to the development of new products whereas process innovation involves the development of new technologies used in the production process. The various forms of innovations have different definitions but they all have a common theme. Their common theme is that of the use of knowledge to create competitive advantages by meeting the needs of customers. The fact that innovation involves the identification and utilization of opportunities, it means that there is a continuous process of pursuing new and unique knowledge (Subramaniam and Youndt, 2005, p. 455). Literature materials on the topic of innovation emphasize that knowledge is the most important element that can ensure the success of organizations pin developing new products, technologies, and processes. The main source of innovation is attributed to be the unique knowledge po ssessed by human capital (Daft and Weick, 2004, p. 244). Human capital is also recognized as the main driver of change within the business environment. In the study of the process of innovation, numerous research studies indicate that there is a close link between the management of knowledge and people and innovation. According to Boer and During (2001, p. 122), there exist a lot of research studies that focus on the contribution of organizational knowledge on various forms of innovation. However, most of the research studies only focus on the outcomes of generic innovations such as technology patents and sales revenues from new products. Such studies tend to ignore on studying how knowledge management is connected to innovation. A number of researchers address the topic of innovation in radical and incremental terms. This, therefore, implies that there need to be further research studies on incremental and radical innovations (Subramaniam and Youndt, 2005, p. 453). This is to ensur e there are adequate literature materials on the differences that exist between radical and incremental innovations.

Experiment 9 formal report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Experiment 9 formal - Lab Report Example Methodology also involves description of procedures like recording of paired values and subsequent calculation of proportionality constants, means and standard deviations. Results section provided tabulated information together with corresponding graphs for the three experiments. This report also contains a discussion section revolving around findings made in the preceding section. Discussion proves whether the hypothetical claim made earlier is true or false. Finally, a conclusion summarizes main concepts of the experiments. Irrespective of their constituent atoms, all gases obey certain relations with environmental parameters of pressure, temperature and volume. Unique relation of gases to these parameters constitutes the three gas laws. This means that gases have similar physical properties, be it CO2, NO2 or H2O (g). While describing behavior of gases in relation to the three physical parameters acknowledged earlier, a forth variable, specifically the number of molecules, is used. The three gas laws explain behavior of gases when two physical parameters are paired. Technically, behavior of gases in relation to any of the three parameters is independent of each other (Myers, 19). In this case, a gas’ behavior with changing temperature can be measured by keeping the pairing variable, either pressure or volume constant. Practically, gases may show slight variation of variable quantities from theoretically expected values. This explains the concept of ideal gas law, a law that combines relationshi p of all the four essential variables of pressure, temperature, volume and the number of moles. Ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT where n = number of moles, P = pressure, T = temperature, V = volume and R = gas constant with a uniform value of 0.0821 L-atm/mole-K. As acknowledged earlier, relationship between two variables can be determined since behavior of each variable in independent of the other variables. In the experiment, the forth

The Relevance of Employee Engagement Indices as a Performance Measure Dissertation

The Relevance of Employee Engagement Indices as a Performance Measure and Indicator in Institutions - Dissertation Example This dissertation seeks to establish the relevance of employee engagement indices as performance measures and indicators with practical use in organizations. It examines the effectiveness of employee engagement indexing as a common practice among institutions in measuring organizational performance. The study found that employee engagement indices bore significant relationship to certain aspects of companies’ operational performance, to degrees that vary among the scale and type of the organization. Human resources aspects of operations that are significantly related to EEI are the line manager’s actions, the degree to which employees believe management will take action based on the EEI survey, the employees’ workload, their pay, the team with which they work, and the organizational policies and practices that impact upon their working conditions. Overall, the employee engagement index is an effective tool in improving performance, provided the EEI is formulated according to firm-specific factors and conditions, and provided they are analysed consistently and refined strategically over the long term. Table of Contents Abstract 2 List of Tables 7 Chapter 1: Introduction 8 1.1Chapter overview 8 1.2 Background of the problem 8 1.3Purpose of the Study 10 1.4Aim and Objectives 10 1.5Research questions 11 1.6Assumptions 12 1.7Rationale and significance of the study 12 1.8 Chapter summary 13 Chapter 2: Literature review 15 2.1 Chapter overview 15 2.2 Concept of employee engagement 15 2.3 Engagement as a driver of productivity 18 2.3 Practices in measuring employee engagement 24 2.4 Identified drivers or measures of employee engagement 26 2.5 Chapter summary 27 Chapter 3: Research methodology and methods 28 3.1 Chapter overview 28 3.2 Research approach and strategy 28 3.4 Research methods and techniques 29 3.5 Methods of data gathering 31 3.6 Methods of data analysis 32 3.7 Hypotheses 33 3.8 Description of population and sample 33 3.9 Limitations o f the research methodology 34 3.10 Ethical and Political Considerations 36 3.11 Chapter summary 36 Chapter 4: Data Analysis 38 4.1 Chapter overview 38 4.2 Respondent profile 38 4.3 Respondents’ perceptions based on mean scores 45 Table 15: MNE, LDC, and SME Mean scores and standard deviation 53 4.4 Correlational study 58 4.5 Regression analysis 62 4.5.1 Overall Sample 62 4.5.2 Multinational Enterprises 68 4.5.3 Large Domestic Corporations 71 4.5.4 Small and Medium Scale Enterprises 73 4.6 Qualitative information provided by respondents 77 4.7 Chapter summary 78 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 80 5.1 Chapter overview 80 5.2 Summary of findings 80 5.3 Conclusion 86 5.4 Recommendations 87 5.5 Directions for future research 89 Bibliography 90 Appendix 92 List of Tables Table 1: Frequency distribution according to age 38 Table 2: Frequency distribution according to gender 39 Table 3: Frequency distribution according to education 39 Table 4: Frequency distribution accord ing to position in the company 40 Table 5: Frequency distribution according to scale of company 41 Table 6: Frequency distribution according to employment status 42 Table 7: Frequency distribution according to length of stay 43 Table 8: Frequency distri

First People of Canada Essay Example for Free

First People of Canada Essay The purpose of the writer is to present his analysis of the present condition of the educational system of Canada which he regards as colonial education for the aborigines of Canada. He examined the manner in which the Indigenous education and epistemologies have been ignored and undermined and made recommendations on the revitalization of an education reflective of the needs and sentiments and culture of the Aboriginal Canada. The article is based on facts and not opinion. The information given are well researched and are supported as the writer presented evidences that the present educational system has â€Å"physically, spiritually and mentally destructive and disruptive components of colonial education (p. 3)† The objective of the author is well achieved as his arguments are logical. His choice of language is effective for his intended audience is the general public especially the education sector who needs to do something about the colonial education. The author discussed that the residential schooling and the Eurocentric schooling and the curriculum are not reflective of the culture of the Aborigines and were far different from the traditional education. The education then is colonial and beyond the experiences and the daily life of the Aborigines. It needs to be reformed. The author is successful in letting his audience understand his point because his illustrations why he takes the education of Canada as colonial are very effective.

How People with Autism Experience the World Essays -- Science Scientif

How People with Autism Experience the World Many of us have heard of the neurological disorder called autism, and have a general sense of what the term "autism" means and all of the typical behaviors that belong in its category. Yet, I must question how many of us out there who do take an interest in autism really understand how having this disorder can totally distort one's perception of what one experiences in the world. A person with autism senses things differently than we normally do, and also responds to them in other ways – what we would call "abnormal behaviors". Why is this so? According to scientists, MRI research studies have shown that the brains of autistic individuals have particular abnormalities in the cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, amygdala, the limbic system, and frontal cortex (7). This provides substantial evidence that autistic behaviors must be in some way caused by these abnormalities. The problem is that we do not know exactly how or why these abnormalities cause someone with autism to experience the world differently than we do. This underlying issue of autism has always greatly intrigued me, and yet the topic of sensory integrative dysfunction in autism has been overlooked for many years. Articles and documents addressing this feature of autism have begun to appear only recently. While conducting research for my paper, I found it a challenge to find articles that specifically talked about this topic that I desired so much to learn about. Thus, the ultimate goal of my discussion is to reveal a misunderstood, hidden world – the complicated sensory dysfunctions that underlie autistic spectrum disorder. What have we found out so far about how people with autism experience the world? Al... ...s and Communication Disorders http://www.autismtoday.com/articles/Auditory_Processing_Problems.htm 8)Autism Today Page, An Inside View of Autism http://www.autismtoday.com/articles/An_Inside_View_of_Autism.htm 9)Pub Med Page, Nicotinic Receptor Abnormalities in the Cerebellar Cortex in Autism http://www.brainbank.org/HtmNew/Abstracts/LeeM.html 10)Pub Med Page, Stereological Evidence of Abnormal Cortical Organization in Individuals with Autism http://www.brainbank.org/HtmNew/Abstracts/Hutsler.html 11)Autism and Related Conditions Page, Sensory and Motor Disorders http://www.ratbag.demon.co.uk/anna/asa/definitions/sensory.html 12)National Center for Biotechnology Information Page, Neurofunctional Mechanisms in Autism http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 13)Autism Today Page, Sensory Disorder http://www.autismtoday.com/articles/Sensory_Disorder.htm

Fairtale Essay

One of the most well known, well loved and influential genre of literature is the fairy tale. A fairy tale is defined by the Oxford dictionary as â€Å"A children’s story of magical and imaginary beings and lands†. Overtime the concept of fairy tales has changed. Fairy tales are being re-written and re-illustrated constantly, which makes fairy tales appealing to every generation. Fairy tales broaden the imagination of children. They allow us gain an insight into a world of magic and adventure- a world we will never experience but fantasize about. â€Å"Fairy tales are nothing if not realistic: and it is their cynicism that keeps them lively. (Opie, 1980, p. 19) â€Å"A characteristic of the fairy tale, as told today, is that it is unbelievable. Although a fairy tale is seldom a tale about fairy-folk and does not necessarily even feature a fairy, it does contain an enchantment or other supernatural element that is clearly imaginary. † (Opie, 1980 p. 18). The orig in of fairy tales is commonly unknown and more often than not never discovered by the reader. French writers Catherine Bernard, Marie-Jeanne Lheitier, Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy are believed to be â€Å"chiefly responsible for the establishment of the fairytale as a literacy genre in Europe. (Zipes, 2006,p. 13) of the 1960s. However, it was Italian writers Giovan Francesco Straparola and Giambattista Basile who played a major role in the rise of literacy in Europe. â€Å"This is one of the best kept secrets that is well worth unlocking because it reveals just how closely tied the literacy fairy tale as genre is to spread of the civilizing process throughout Europe. †(Zipes, 2006, p. 13) However, it was the influence of Boccaccio’s Decamerone that led to the production of various collections of ‘novelle’ that had an impact on the literacy fairy tale as a short narrative.Straparola was the first to publish his collection â€Å"Le piacevoli notti (1550 and 1553) from the example Boccaccio had set. Straparola was different from previous writers. He was the first European writer â€Å"to adapt many tales from oral tradition, creating approximately fourteen literacy fairy tales in his collection of seventy four novella. † (Zipes, 2006, p. 14) Straparola’s work caused some controversy and at one time one of his collections was banned by the pope in 1791. This was due to themes which Straparola had included in his work.He introduced â€Å"plain earthy language† and â€Å"critical view of power struggles in Italian society†. Basile shared similar views on power and civility. (Zipes, 2006). Even form this early stage, fairy tales have always been connected to power, social class and gender stereotyping. Both Straparola and Basile recognised that Italian principalities were being damaged through family conflicts, the change in commerce and trade and war. They used fairy tale's as a written means of broaching t heir concern over the unexpected change of norms on human behaviour. Although time passes and things change, fairytales have not dated.The classic fairy tales that Basile and Straparola once told are still being told to children today all over the world. Thanks to the origination of the fairytale by Straparola and Basil â€Å"we still rely on its narrative strategy to see how dangerous it is to think that we live in more civilized and better world than the realms of the past. †(Zipes, 2006) For centuries young children have been enthralled by fairy tales. Tales of witches, wizards, princes and princesses, fairy godmothers and villains alike have been influencing how children view the world around them.This appears particularly true in the case of young girls, with whom these stories seem to resonate. However living in a contemporary 22nd century society the question needs to be posed; are these stories, written centuries ago, still providing a relevant and realistic portrayal of female role models to the youth of today? Or are these folktales of ‘prince charming’ and ‘happily ever afters’ corrupting ideals from infancy and setting these young girls up for disappointment? Women today have come along away from their 18th century counterparts.Women have fought for years to be able to vote, work, raise children as a lone parent and run a household. Women have gained their right to respect and independence in a world that is no longer dominated my males. These rights are marked as historic events that women are extremely proud of. However still today, when educating children we use â€Å"fairy tales† as means of communicating, although sometimes indirectly, the role women should play in life. For example, in fairy tales, the concept of beauty is outlined very clearly. Beauty is expressed as a physical necessity.The leading lady in the typical fairy tale is usually described and illustrated as a woman possessing features consi dered physically attractive to males, a thin figure, glowing skin, red lips, symmetrical facial features and well attired. In the classical tale of Sleeping Beauty Aurora has â€Å"red lips as red as the red red rose† fair skin, blue eyes long blonde hair and an impossibly thin figure. This seems to be the universal concept of what beauty is among all the fairy tales that Walt Disney have produced. This image of beauty is in stark contrast to the reality in which we live into today.This depiction of the need for beauty is not the only negative stereotype conveyed in fairy tales. Instead of being able to defend and stick up for themselves, women are forever relying on males to rescue them. Whether it be the ‘handsome prince charming’ or the father figure, a male, nevertheless is always there to save the day and resolve whatever predicament has arisen in order for all involved except the villain to live â€Å"happily ever after†. The act of stereotyping serv es as a short-cut to the way that the majority of the population views our culture.Therefore, though we might not completely agree with the way in which gender roles are represented in these fairy tales, it still serves us well in a sense that we might gain a basic understanding of what it means to be a male and what it means to be a female. Whether personally accepted or rejected, the notion of males being dominant and females being subordinate has been deeply embedded into our culture’s view of the gender roles. The villain is also an interesting stereotype which is evident in all fairy tales.Villains are portrayed as ugly, malicious, jealous characters. They are almost always characterised by being an evil step-mother, wicked queen, a witch or an evil mother in law. The job of the villain in a fairytale is to make life difficult for the leading protagonist. The queen in Basile’s version of Snow White is described as â€Å"a murderous and unnatural, unsexed anomaly who tricks Talia†¦ †(Warner ,1995,p. 220). However, evil they are, they always play a powerful female role in all the fairy tales I have chosen to discuss.To consider whether the portrayals of women in classic fairy tales are genuine role models for young girls, I will be examining and referring to the following books: Cinderella , Beauty and the Beast, The Little Mermaid, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White and the seven dwarfs, Mulan and Shrek. Certainly by examining classic fairy tales it is obvious that the central female character is continuously presented as being ‘beautiful’. In the classic tale of Beauty and the Beast, the story begins with â€Å"Once upon a time there lived a rich merchant with three pretty daughters.The youngest was the prettiest of the there and she was called beauty. † From the very beginning of the story, emphasis is put on how beautiful Belle is in the fairytale. The fact that the lead character is appreciated for her beauty alon e speaks multitudes about the message the story gives out to its reader and indeed to young girls. â€Å"There is the threatened union of an almost supernaturally beautiful girl with a hideous monster. † (Iona,Peter, 1980,p. 180) The fairytale puts emphasis on how beautiful Belle is and how ugly the beast is.Similarly Sleeping Beauty â€Å"had a beautiful face and she thought beautiful thoughts†, Snow White â€Å"grew into a beautiful woman†, when Cinderella arrived at the ball everyone wondered â€Å"Who is that beautiful girl? † and The Little Mermaid was â€Å"the youngest, and most beautiful, daughter of Mer King. † The initial portrayal of these women is innocent and positive. Any young girl would aspire to possess such favourable qualities and attractiveness. Being beautiful and falling in love with prince charming, then living happily-ever-after, seems to be the most important outcome of these fairy tales.But the question we have to ask ours elves is -are these ‘harmless’ tales instilling false ideas of what life is like for children? One may not think that reading such biased material to a child could possibly have a lasting effect on their perceptions of how one should conform in society, however according to Bettelheim â€Å"A child trusts what the fairy tale tells, because its world view accords with his own† (Bettelheim, 1991, p. 45) The fairytale is so convincing to the child, as the tale matches the child’s thinking, approach and understanding of the world.Bettelheim states â€Å"these fairytales direct the child’s own thinking about his own development, permitting the child to draw his own conclusion†, yet since some classic fairy tales are known to display gender stereotyping, we must ask ourselves, what implication this has on children’s perspectives of specific gender roles in society if the child is drawing his/her own conclusion after reading the fairy tale. F airy tales portray a black and white view of society. Males are frequently portrayed as the head of the family, who are physically and emotionally strong, and whose sphere exists outside of the home.Females are frequently portrayed as dependent, physically and emotionally weak, and belong inside the home. This depiction of the male and female roles sends a very false and blinding message to its audience. On the other hand it can be argued that stereotypes are a part of life/society. The act of stereotyping serves as a short-cut to the way that the majority of the population views our culture. Therefore, though we might not completely agree with the way in which gender roles are represented in these fairy tales, it still gives a basic understanding of what it means to be a male and what it means to be a female.A similar theme seems to run through all the fairy tales I have chosen. All of the female protagonists are punished in some way as a result of their physical fortune. In Snow W hite, the evil queen wants the â€Å"fairest of them all† so a search is sent for Snow White to be killed. Snow White ends up cleaning, tidying and cooking for seven dwarfs in the forest as payment for letting her stay. Similarly in Cinderella, the beautiful Cinderella is made servant to her step mother and step sisters. Cinderella is isolated in the house and ignored by her step sisters and step mother.Sleeping Beauty is cursed from the moment she was born as a result of her beauty. A wicked witch was furious that she wasn’t invited to the baby’s banquet so she put a spell on her to remain asleep for a hundred years. Belle in Beauty and the Beast finds herself in a similar situation; she is one of three sisters and the only one who cleans and cooks as a result of her misfortune. The women all have a variety of traits in common. All of the female characters I have mentioned display admirable qualities.All of the women are kind and gentle but these female charact ers are viewed as being passive and submissive. These women depend on the male characters in the tales to be either saved or to be happy. This sends out an extremely negative stereotype to young readers, presenting that women’s job in life is cook, clean and wait for â€Å"Prince Charming† to come in order to be happy. According to Bettelheim it is child’s life experiences that teach the child the right manner, he goes on to say â€Å"when children are young, it is literature that carries such information best. † (Tartar, 1999, p. 69) If this is the case then children reading heavily stereotyped tales from an early age will impact their manner and possibly the way they view the gender roles. Bettelheim also states that a child’s â€Å"mind is animistic† and children especially young girls are vulnerable to believing that being beautiful and meeting prince charming are key goals and will result in a â€Å"happily ever after. † West (20 04) argues that â€Å"books are such a major influence in the formation of children’s values and attitudes that adults need to monitor nearly every word that children read. (Hunt, 1999, p. 5) If this is the case, should we be reading child fairy tales? It was the feminist movement that brought a closer examination of gender roles in fairytales. In Lissa Paul’s article she argues that â€Å"While children’s literature is predicated on the notion that children are essentially blank or naive and are in need of protection and instruction, then issues of suitability or unsuitability are important. † (Hunt, 1999, p121) This idea seems to be evident in feminist’s attitudes with regards the lead female character in fairy tales.Feminists feel that these women over rely on their beauty and each wait, in some way or another, for their Prince Charming to come rescue them. According to Lissa Paul’s article, while discussing Cinderella, she states that à ¢â‚¬Å"Most of us- women, children and feminist critics, I imagine – don’t want to be seen valuing riches. Or princes for that matter† (Hunt, 1999, p. 112). However many of the fairy tales chosen for the essay have the common theme of a male hero rescuing or saving the female heroine in the story.They solely depend on the prince to come save them in the end. In Cinderella her family feels she is inferior to them and so she serves as a slave in her own home. â€Å"They were very unkind to her and ordered her about from morning until night. † She is too weak to stand up to them and so waits for a prince to come rescue her. Similarly in Sleeping Beauty she sleeps for one hundred years before a prince comes and rescues her, in Beauty and the Beast, Belle finally ends up with a handsome prince â€Å"the beast disappeared and in his place stood a handsome prince†.In Snow White after she ate the poison apple, she lay peacefully in her coffin until a prince fell in love with her and rescued her â€Å"she opened her eyes and on seeing the handsome prince she fell in love with him†. There is evidently a strong portrayal of physical beauty in these fairy tales and these images of the female protagonist gives a very weak and negative display of women’s abilities and aspirations. On the contrary, however, a very interesting aspect is in Beauty and the Beast. Belle demonstrates having a mind of her own compared to her female counterparts whose main focus was to find their handsome prince using their good looks.Belle looks beyond physical appearance and recognises the good man in the Beast â€Å"she has not mistaken a human lover for a monster, like Psyche, or failed to see a good man beneath the surface.. †(Warner, 1995,p. 307) This follows her gradual arousal of both attraction and sexuality for the Beast throughout the course of the fairytale until he unsurprisingly too turns into a handsome prince at the end. â€Å"B eauty’s wooer has the appearance of a monster, and only after Belle has overcome her aversion for his vile shape can the monster be seen to be a handsome prince. (Opie, 1980, p. 180) The notion of being socially stable is put forward to us. Once these women are saved by their ‘Prince Charming’ and fall in love with him, they are rewarded with a luxurious life as a princess and will ultimately ‘live happily ever after’. The Little Mermaid was written by Hans Christen Andersen in 1836 and was released by Walt Disney in 1989. This fairytale was hoped to go against the grain and portray a leading women who wasn’t submissive or passive but strong and independent and good role model of young children.The tale is about a young teenage mermaid, called Ariel, who doesn’t like her life under the sea and is much more fascinated by the human world. Regardless of her father’s warnings she exchanges her voice for legs with the evil witch to sp end three days on land. She must make Prince Eric fall in love with her and kiss her or else she becomes the sea witch’s forever. The witch reassures her â€Å"the graceful form, the modest gait and speaking eyes. With such as these, it will easy to infatuate a vain human male† (Anderson, 1993,p. 8). It is clear from that short summary that the tale still managed to stereotype women. The message being sent out is that if Ariel relies on her beauty alone she will get the Prince to fall in love with her. Trites 1990 said, â€Å"Undoubtedly, feminists’ have criticized Ariel because she seems to have little ambition beyond getting her prince. † (http://charlottesmedia. blogspot. com/) The story of Mulan helped change the perception of women in Fairy tales but still managed to imply a message that women are inferior to men.Mulan is no one’s trophy and to me is the first groundbreaking Disney film to show a woman to be capable of taking the same roles of men. The story is based on a Chinese myth about a woman who saves china from the Huns. She goes to fight in the war instead of her father and displays traits that are stereotyped as only being male. She is a strong and a courageous woman and breaks social boundaries and expectations. However, Mulan is similar to Belle in Beauty and the Beast, as she too isn’t seen as acceptable in society and this idea of gender obligations is evident.Women ‘should’ be a homemaker and a wife, not cleaver and strong. Finally the film Shrek, created in the 22th century and displays beauty in a different way. Beauty is displayed on the inside in this new image of the princess, which I found to be really refreshing. The two leading characters are ogres. The film goes against the classical fairy tale characteristics. Princess Fiona is different from other princesses and does not wait for prince charming to rescue her. She is a dependent woman who is able to stand on her own two feet. She chooses Shrek as a husband and decides to live her own life as an ogre.This is a unique fairytale as Fiona overlooks physical beauty and is not saved by a male, which results in her having a better life. However she still does live her life as a princess. Unfortunately, many women today hold a â€Å"princess attitude†, and aspire to have a princess type of life. This attitude can be seen among some girls and young women. They often believe that marrying well, especially financially, is desirable, so they can easily live the life of a princess. This may very well be an effect caused by the women that are presented to us in these fairy tales since early childhood.Certainly a clear progression can be seen with regards the representation of women between the 17th-18th century fairy tales (Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty) and the 19th -22nd century fairy tales (Mulan, Shrek). I do appreciate that the morals and values are changing in regard to fairytales in recent years. As a who le, however, In my opinion I think that the fairy tales discussed portray a negative stereotype to young children and are not good role models. According to Zipes â€Å"We can continue to enjoy this harmless pastime of telling classical fairytales to our children, not realising the possible harm or harmlessness. Zipes, 2006,p. 57) Bibliography Andersen, H. C. Fairy Tales: The Little Mermaid, Bristol, Parragon Book Service Ltd, 1993. Bettelheim, B. The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning And Importance Of Fairy Tales, England, Penguin, 1991. Charlotte’s media blog. available at http://charlottesmedia. blogspot. com/ accessed on 14/4/2012 Hunt, peter. Children’s Literature, An illustrated History, Oxford, University Press,1995. Hunt, Peter. Understanding Children’s Literature, London, Routledge, 1999. Ladybird, Snow White And The 7 Dwarfs, Ladybird Ltd, 2005. Marsoli, L. A.Mulan, NY, Mouse Works, 1998. Opie, Iona ; Peter, The Classic Fairy Tales, USA, Oxford Univers ity Press, 1980. Soanes, Catherine, and  Angus Stevenson. Concise Oxford English dictionary. New York:  Oxford University Press,2012. Southgate, V. Beauty and the Beast, UK, Ladybird Books Ltd, 1988. Southgate, V. Cinderella, UK, Ladybird Books Ltd, 1982. Southgate, V. Sleeping Beauty, UK, Ladybird Books Ltd, 1984. Warner, M. Beast to the Blonde ,London, Vintage. 1995. Zipes, Jack. Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion, New York, Routledge, 2006. Film: Shrek, Disney, 2001.